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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>27.14. site — Site-specific configuration hook — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="27. Python Runtime Services" href="python.html" /> <link rel="next" title="27.15. user — User-specific configuration hook" href="user.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="27.13. inspect — Inspect live objects" href="inspect.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="user.html" title="27.15. user — User-specific configuration hook" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="inspect.html" title="27.13. inspect — Inspect live objects" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="python.html" accesskey="U">27. Python Runtime Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-site"> <span id="site-site-specific-configuration-hook"></span><h1>27.14. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></tt></a> — Site-specific configuration hook<a class="headerlink" href="#module-site" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/site.py">Lib/site.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p><strong>This module is automatically imported during initialization.</strong> The automatic import can be suppressed using the interpreter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-S"><em class="xref std std-option">-S</em></a> option.</p> <p id="index-0">Importing this module will append site-specific paths to the module search path and add a few builtins.</p> <p id="index-1">It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part. For the head part, it uses <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt>; empty heads are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/site-packages</span></tt> (on Windows) or <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> and then <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/site-python</span></tt> (on Unix and Macintosh). For each of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing directory, and if so, adds it to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> and also inspects the newly added path for configuration files.</p> <p>A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form <tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt> and exists in one of the four directories mentioned above; its contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>. Non-existing items are never added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>, and no check is made that the item refers to a directory rather than a file. No item is added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></tt> are skipped. Lines starting with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span></tt> (followed by space or tab) are executed.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span>A space or tab is now required after the import keyword.</p> <p id="index-2">For example, suppose <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt> are set to <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local</span></tt>. The Python X.Y library is then installed in <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></tt>. Suppose this has a subdirectory <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> with three subsubdirectories, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo</span></tt>, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar</span></tt> and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">spam</span></tt>, and two path configuration files, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt> and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt>. Assume <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt> contains the following:</p> <div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># foo package configuration foo bar bletch </pre></div> </div> <p>and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt> contains:</p> <div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># bar package configuration bar </pre></div> </div> <p>Then the following version-specific directories are added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>, in this order:</p> <div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar /usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo </pre></div> </div> <p>Note that <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bletch</span></tt> is omitted because it doesn’t exist; the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar</span></tt> directory precedes the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo</span></tt> directory because <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt> comes alphabetically before <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt>; and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">spam</span></tt> is omitted because it is not mentioned in either path configuration file.</p> <p id="index-3">After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt>, which can perform arbitrary site-specific customizations. It is typically created by a system administrator in the site-packages directory. If this import fails with an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ImportError" title="exceptions.ImportError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt></a> exception, it is silently ignored.</p> <p id="index-4">After this, an attempt is made to import a module named <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt>, which can perform arbitrary user-specific customizations, if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></tt></a> is true. This file is intended to be created in the user site-packages directory (see below), which is part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> unless disabled by <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><em class="xref std std-option">-s</em></a>. An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ImportError" title="exceptions.ImportError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt></a> will be silently ignored.</p> <p>Note that for some non-Unix systems, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt> are empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt> is still attempted.</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.PREFIXES"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">PREFIXES</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.PREFIXES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A list of prefixes for site-packages directories.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">ENABLE_USER_SITE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Flag showing the status of the user site-packages directory. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> means that it is enabled and was added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> means that it was disabled by user request (with <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><em class="xref std std-option">-s</em></a> or <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></tt></a>). <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> means it was disabled for security reasons (mismatch between user or group id and effective id) or by an administrator.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.USER_SITE"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">USER_SITE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Path to the user site-packages for the running Python. Can be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="site.getusersitepackages"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getusersitepackages()</span></tt></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> for UNIX and non-framework Mac OS X builds, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python/site-packages</span></tt> for Mac framework builds, and <tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python\Python</span><em><span class="pre">XY</span></em><span class="pre">\site-packages</span></tt> on Windows. This directory is a site directory, which means that <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt> files in it will be processed.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="site.USER_BASE"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">USER_BASE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Path to the base directory for the user site-packages. Can be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if <a class="reference internal" href="#site.getuserbase" title="site.getuserbase"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getuserbase()</span></tt></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.local</span></tt> for UNIX and Mac OS X non-framework builds, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></tt> for Mac framework builds, and <tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python</span></tt> for Windows. This value is used by Distutils to compute the installation directories for scripts, data files, Python modules, etc. for the <a class="reference internal" href="../install/index.html#inst-alt-install-user"><em>user installation scheme</em></a>. See also <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></tt></a>.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.addsitedir"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">addsitedir</tt><big>(</big><em>sitedir</em>, <em>known_paths=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.addsitedir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Add a directory to sys.path and process its <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt> files. Typically used in <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt> (see above).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getsitepackages"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getsitepackages</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getsitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list containing all global site-packages directories (and possibly site-python).</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getuserbase"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getuserbase</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getuserbase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the path of the user base directory, <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a>. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></tt></a>.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="site.getusersitepackages"> <tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getusersitepackages</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the path of the user-specific site-packages directory, <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></tt></a>. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a>.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></tt></a> module also provides a way to get the user directories from the command line:</p> <div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>python3 -m site --user-site /home/user/.local/lib/python3.3/site-packages </pre></div> </div> <p>If it is called without arguments, it will print the contents of <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a> on the standard output, followed by the value of <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a> and whether the directory exists, then the same thing for <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></tt></a>, and finally the value of <a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></tt></a>.</p> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-site--user-base"> <tt class="descname">--user-base</tt><tt class="descclassname"></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site--user-base" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print the path to the user base directory.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-site--user-site"> <tt class="descname">--user-site</tt><tt class="descclassname"></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site--user-site" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print the path to the user site-packages directory.</p> </dd></dl> <p>If both options are given, user base and user site will be printed (always in this order), separated by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.pathsep" title="os.pathsep"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.pathsep</span></tt></a>.</p> <p>If any option is given, the script will exit with one of these values: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">O</span></tt> if the user site-packages directory is enabled, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> if it was disabled by the user, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> if it is disabled for security reasons or by an administrator, and a value greater than 2 if there is an error.</p> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <p class="last"><span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> – Per user site-packages directory</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="inspect.html" title="previous chapter">27.13. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inspect</span></tt> — Inspect live objects</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="user.html" title="next chapter">27.15. <tt 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