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#!/usr/bin/perl eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}' if $running_under_some_shell; my $startperl; my $perlpath; ($startperl = <<'/../') =~ s/\s*\z//; #!/usr/bin/perl /../ ($perlpath = <<'/../') =~ s/\s*\z//; /usr/bin/perl /../ $0 =~ s/^.*?(\w+)[\.\w]*$/$1/; # (p)sed - a stream editor # History: Aug 12 2000: Original version. # Mar 25 2002: Rearrange generated Perl program. # Jul 23 2007: Fix bug in regex stripping (M.Thorland) use strict; use integer; use Symbol; =head1 NAME psed - a stream editor =head1 SYNOPSIS psed [-an] script [file ...] psed [-an] [-e script] [-f script-file] [file ...] s2p [-an] [-e script] [-f script-file] =head1 DESCRIPTION A stream editor reads the input stream consisting of the specified files (or standard input, if none are given), processes is line by line by applying a script consisting of edit commands, and writes resulting lines to standard output. The filename 'C<->' may be used to read standard input. The edit script is composed from arguments of B<-e> options and script-files, in the given order. A single script argument may be specified as the first parameter. If this program is invoked with the name F<s2p>, it will act as a sed-to-Perl translator. See L<"SED SCRIPT TRANSLATION">. B<sed> returns an exit code of 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred. =head1 OPTIONS =over 4 =item B<-a> A file specified as argument to the B<w> edit command is by default opened before input processing starts. Using B<-a>, opening of such files is delayed until the first line is actually written to the file. =item B<-e> I<script> The editing commands defined by I<script> are appended to the script. Multiple commands must be separated by newlines. =item B<-f> I<script-file> Editing commands from the specified I<script-file> are read and appended to the script. =item B<-n> By default, a line is written to standard output after the editing script has been applied to it. The B<-n> option suppresses automatic printing. =back =head1 COMMANDS B<sed> command syntax is defined as Z<> Z<> Z<> Z<>[I<address>[B<,>I<address>]][B<!>]I<function>[I<argument>] with whitespace being permitted before or after addresses, and between the function character and the argument. The I<address>es and the address inverter (C<!>) are used to restrict the application of a command to the selected line(s) of input. Each command must be on a line of its own, except where noted in the synopses below. The edit cycle performed on each input line consist of reading the line (without its trailing newline character) into the I<pattern space>, applying the applicable commands of the edit script, writing the final contents of the pattern space and a newline to the standard output. A I<hold space> is provided for saving the contents of the pattern space for later use. =head2 Addresses A sed address is either a line number or a pattern, which may be combined arbitrarily to construct ranges. Lines are numbered across all input files. Any address may be followed by an exclamation mark ('C<!>'), selecting all lines not matching that address. =over 4 =item I<number> The line with the given number is selected. =item B<$> A dollar sign (C<$>) is the line number of the last line of the input stream. =item B</>I<regular expression>B</> A pattern address is a basic regular expression (see L<"BASIC REGULAR EXPRESSIONS">), between the delimiting character C</>. Any other character except C<\> or newline may be used to delimit a pattern address when the initial delimiter is prefixed with a backslash ('C<\>'). =back If no address is given, the command selects every line. If one address is given, it selects the line (or lines) matching the address. Two addresses select a range that begins whenever the first address matches, and ends (including that line) when the second address matches. If the first (second) address is a matching pattern, the second address is not applied to the very same line to determine the end of the range. Likewise, if the second address is a matching pattern, the first address is not applied to the very same line to determine the begin of another range. If both addresses are line numbers, and the second line number is less than the first line number, then only the first line is selected. =head2 Functions The maximum permitted number of addresses is indicated with each function synopsis below. The argument I<text> consists of one or more lines following the command. Embedded newlines in I<text> must be preceded with a backslash. Other backslashes in I<text> are deleted and the following character is taken literally. =over 4 =cut my %ComTab; my %GenKey; #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'a'}=[ 1, 'txt', \&Emit, '{ push( @Q, <<'."'TheEnd' ) }\n" ]; #ok =item [1addr]B<a\> I<text> Write I<text> (which must start on the line following the command) to standard output immediately before reading the next line of input, either by executing the B<N> function or by beginning a new cycle. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'b'}=[ 2, 'str', \&Branch, '{ goto XXX; }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<b> [I<label>] Branch to the B<:> function with the specified I<label>. If no label is given, branch to the end of the script. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'c'}=[ 2, 'txt', \&Change, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { print <<'TheEnd'; } $doPrint = 0; goto EOS; -X- ### continue OK => next CYCLE; =item [2addr]B<c\> I<text> The line, or range of lines, selected by the address is deleted. The I<text> (which must start on the line following the command) is written to standard output. With an address range, this occurs at the end of the range. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'d'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { $doPrint = 0; goto EOS; } -X- ### continue OK => next CYCLE; =item [2addr]B<d> Deletes the pattern space and starts the next cycle. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'D'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { s/^.*\n?//; if(length($_)){ goto BOS } else { goto EOS } } -X- ### continue OK => next CYCLE; =item [2addr]B<D> Deletes the pattern space through the first embedded newline or to the end. If the pattern space becomes empty, a new cycle is started, otherwise execution of the script is restarted. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'g'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ $_ = $Hold };' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<g> Replace the contents of the pattern space with the hold space. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'G'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ $_ .= "\n"; $_ .= $Hold };' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<G> Append a newline and the contents of the hold space to the pattern space. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'h'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ $Hold = $_ }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<h> Replace the contents of the hold space with the pattern space. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'H'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ $Hold .= "\n"; $Hold .= $_; }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<H> Append a newline and the contents of the pattern space to the hold space. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'i'}=[ 1, 'txt', \&Emit, '{ print <<'."'TheEnd' }\n" ]; #ok =item [1addr]B<i\> I<text> Write the I<text> (which must start on the line following the command) to standard output. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'l'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ _l() }' ]; #okUTF8 =item [2addr]B<l> Print the contents of the pattern space: non-printable characters are shown in C-style escaped form; long lines are split and have a trailing ^'C<\>' at the point of the split; the true end of a line is marked with a 'C<$>'. Escapes are: '\a', '\t', '\n', '\f', '\r', '\e' for BEL, HT, LF, FF, CR, ESC, respectively, and '\' followed by a three-digit octal number for all other non-printable characters. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'n'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { print $_, "\n" if $doPrint; printQ() if @Q; $CondReg = 0; last CYCLE unless getsARGV(); chomp(); } -X- =item [2addr]B<n> If automatic printing is enabled, write the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the pattern space with the next line of input. If there is no more input, processing is terminated. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'N'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { printQ() if @Q; $CondReg = 0; last CYCLE unless getsARGV( $h ); chomp( $h ); $_ .= "\n$h"; } -X- =item [2addr]B<N> Append a newline and the next line of input to the pattern space. If there is no more input, processing is terminated. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'p'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ print $_, "\n"; }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<p> Print the pattern space to the standard output. (Use the B<-n> option to suppress automatic printing at the end of a cycle if you want to avoid double printing of lines.) =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'P'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { if( /^(.*)/ ){ print $1, "\n"; } } -X- =item [2addr]B<P> Prints the pattern space through the first embedded newline or to the end. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'q'}=[ 1, '', \&Emit, <<'-X-' ]; #ok { print $_, "\n" if $doPrint; last CYCLE; } -X- =item [1addr]B<q> Branch to the end of the script and quit without starting a new cycle. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'r'}=[ 1, 'str', \&Emit, "{ _r( '-X-' ) }" ]; #ok =item [1addr]B<r> I<file> Copy the contents of the I<file> to standard output immediately before the next attempt to read a line of input. Any error encountered while reading I<file> is silently ignored. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'s'}=[ 2, 'sub', \&Emit, '' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<s/>I<regular expression>B</>I<replacement>B</>I<flags> Substitute the I<replacement> string for the first substring in the pattern space that matches the I<regular expression>. Any character other than backslash or newline can be used instead of a slash to delimit the regular expression and the replacement. To use the delimiter as a literal character within the regular expression and the replacement, precede the character by a backslash ('C<\>'). Literal newlines may be embedded in the replacement string by preceding a newline with a backslash. Within the replacement, an ampersand ('C<&>') is replaced by the string matching the regular expression. The strings 'C<\1>' through 'C<\9>' are replaced by the corresponding subpattern (see L<"BASIC REGULAR EXPRESSIONS">). To get a literal 'C<&>' or 'C<\>' in the replacement text, precede it by a backslash. The following I<flags> modify the behaviour of the B<s> command: =over 8 =item B<g> The replacement is performed for all matching, non-overlapping substrings of the pattern space. =item B<1>..B<9> Replace only the n-th matching substring of the pattern space. =item B<p> If the substitution was made, print the new value of the pattern space. =item B<w> I<file> If the substitution was made, write the new value of the pattern space to the specified file. =back =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'t'}=[ 2, 'str', \&Branch, '{ goto XXX if _t() }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<t> [I<label>] Branch to the B<:> function with the specified I<label> if any B<s> substitutions have been made since the most recent reading of an input line or execution of a B<t> function. If no label is given, branch to the end of the script. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'w'}=[ 2, 'str', \&Write, "{ _w( '-X-' ) }" ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<w> I<file> The contents of the pattern space are written to the I<file>. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'x'}=[ 2, '', \&Emit, '{ ($Hold, $_) = ($_, $Hold) }' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<x> Swap the contents of the pattern space and the hold space. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'y'}=[ 2, 'tra', \&Emit, '' ]; #ok =item [2addr]B<y>B</>I<string1>B</>I<string2>B</> In the pattern space, replace all characters occurring in I<string1> by the character at the corresponding position in I<string2>. It is possible to use any character (other than a backslash or newline) instead of a slash to delimit the strings. Within I<string1> and I<string2>, a backslash followed by any character other than a newline is that literal character, and a backslash followed by an 'n' is replaced by a newline character. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'='}=[ 1, '', \&Emit, '{ print "$.\n" }' ]; #ok =item [1addr]B<=> Prints the current line number on the standard output. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{':'}=[ 0, 'str', \&Label, '' ]; #ok =item [0addr]B<:> [I<label>] The command specifies the position of the I<label>. It has no other effect. =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'{'}=[ 2, '', \&BeginBlock, '{' ]; #ok $ComTab{'}'}=[ 0, '', \&EndBlock, ';}' ]; #ok # ';' to avoid warning on empty {}-block =item [2addr]B<{> [I<command>] =item [0addr]B<}> These two commands begin and end a command list. The first command may be given on the same line as the opening B<{> command. The commands within the list are jointly selected by the address(es) given on the B<{> command (but may still have individual addresses). =cut #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ComTab{'#'}=[ 0, 'str', \&Comment, '' ]; #ok =item [0addr]B<#> [I<comment>] The entire line is ignored (treated as a comment). If, however, the first two characters in the script are 'C<#n>', automatic printing of output is suppressed, as if the B<-n> option were given on the command line. =back =cut use vars qw{ $isEOF $Hold %wFiles @Q $CondReg $doPrint }; my $useDEBUG = exists( $ENV{PSEDDEBUG} ); my $useEXTBRE = $ENV{PSEDEXTBRE} || ''; $useEXTBRE =~ s/[^<>wWyB]//g; # gawk RE's handle these my $doAutoPrint = 1; # automatic printing of pattern space (-n => 0) my $doOpenWrite = 1; # open w command output files at start (-a => 0) my $svOpenWrite = 0; # save $doOpenWrite # lower case $0 below as a VMSism. The VMS build procedure creates the # s2p file traditionally in upper case on the disk. When VMS is in a # case preserved or case sensitive mode, $0 will be returned in the exact # case which will be on the disk, and that is not predictable at this time. my $doGenerate = lc($0) eq 's2p'; # Collected and compiled script # my( @Commands, %Defined, @BlockStack, %Label, $labNum, $Code, $Func ); $Code = ''; ################## # Compile Time # # Labels # # Error handling # sub Warn($;$){ my( $msg, $loc ) = @_; $loc ||= ''; $loc .= ': ' if length( $loc ); warn( "$0: $loc$msg\n" ); } $labNum = 0; sub newLabel(){ return 'L_'.++$labNum; } # safeHere: create safe here delimiter and modify opcode and argument # sub safeHere($$){ my( $codref, $argref ) = @_; my $eod = 'EOD000'; while( $$argref =~ /^$eod$/m ){ $eod++; } $$codref =~ s/TheEnd/$eod/e; $$argref .= "$eod\n"; } # Emit: create address logic and emit command # sub Emit($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ) = @_; my $cond = ''; if( defined( $addr1 ) ){ if( defined( $addr2 ) ){ $addr1 .= $addr2 =~ /^\d+$/ ? "..$addr2" : "...$addr2"; } else { $addr1 .= ' == $.' if $addr1 =~ /^\d+$/; } $cond = $negated ? "unless( $addr1 )\n" : "if( $addr1 )\n"; } if( $opcode eq '' ){ $Code .= "$cond$arg\n"; } elsif( $opcode =~ s/-X-/$arg/e ){ $Code .= "$cond$opcode\n"; } elsif( $opcode =~ /TheEnd/ ){ safeHere( \$opcode, \$arg ); $Code .= "$cond$opcode$arg"; } else { $Code .= "$cond$opcode\n"; } 0; } # Write (w command, w flag): store pathname # sub Write($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $path, $fl ) = @_; $wFiles{$path} = ''; Emit( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $path, $fl ); } # Label (: command): label definition # sub Label($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $lab, $fl ) = @_; my $rc = 0; $lab =~ s/\s+//; if( length( $lab ) ){ my $h; if( ! exists( $Label{$lab} ) ){ $h = $Label{$lab}{name} = newLabel(); } else { $h = $Label{$lab}{name}; if( exists( $Label{$lab}{defined} ) ){ my $dl = $Label{$lab}{defined}; Warn( "duplicate label $lab (first defined at $dl)", $fl ); $rc = 1; } } $Label{$lab}{defined} = $fl; $Code .= "$h:;\n"; } $rc; } # BeginBlock ({ command): push block start # sub BeginBlock($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ) = @_; push( @BlockStack, [ $fl, $addr1, $addr2, $negated ] ); Emit( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ); } # EndBlock (} command): check proper nesting # sub EndBlock($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ) = @_; my $rc; my $jcom = pop( @BlockStack ); if( defined( $jcom ) ){ $rc = Emit( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ); } else { Warn( "unexpected '}'", $fl ); $rc = 1; } $rc; } # Branch (t, b commands): check or create label, substitute default # sub Branch($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $lab, $fl ) = @_; $lab =~ s/\s+//; # no spaces at end my $h; if( length( $lab ) ){ if( ! exists( $Label{$lab} ) ){ $h = $Label{$lab}{name} = newLabel(); } else { $h = $Label{$lab}{name}; } push( @{$Label{$lab}{used}}, $fl ); } else { $h = 'EOS'; } $opcode =~ s/XXX/$h/e; Emit( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, '', $fl ); } # Change (c command): is special due to range end watching # sub Change($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ) = @_; my $kwd = $negated ? 'unless' : 'if'; if( defined( $addr2 ) ){ $addr1 .= $addr2 =~ /^\d+$/ ? "..$addr2" : "...$addr2"; if( ! $negated ){ $addr1 = '$icnt = ('.$addr1.')'; $opcode = 'if( $icnt =~ /E0$/ )' . $opcode; } } else { $addr1 .= ' == $.' if $addr1 =~ /^\d+$/; } safeHere( \$opcode, \$arg ); $Code .= "$kwd( $addr1 ){\n $opcode$arg}\n"; 0; } # Comment (# command): A no-op. Who would've thought that! # sub Comment($$$$$$){ my( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl ) = @_; ### $Code .= "# $arg\n"; 0; } # stripRegex from the current command. If we're in the first # part of s///, trailing spaces have to be kept as the initial # part of the replacement string. # sub stripRegex($$;$){ my( $del, $sref, $sub ) = @_; my $regex = $del; print "stripRegex:$del:$$sref:\n" if $useDEBUG; while( $$sref =~ s{^(.*?)(\\*)\Q$del\E(\s*)}{}s ){ my $sl = $2; $regex .= $1.$sl.$del; if( length( $sl ) % 2 == 0 ){ if( $sub && (length( $3 ) > 0) ){ $$sref = $3 . $$sref; } return $regex; } $regex .= $3; } undef(); } # stripTrans: take a <del> terminated string from y command # honoring and cleaning up of \-escaped <del>'s # sub stripTrans($$){ my( $del, $sref ) = @_; my $t = ''; print "stripTrans:$del:$$sref:\n" if $useDEBUG; while( $$sref =~ s{^(.*?)(\\*)\Q$del\E}{}s ){ my $sl = $2; $t .= $1; if( length( $sl ) % 2 == 0 ){ $t .= $sl; $t =~ s/\\\\/\\/g; return $t; } chop( $sl ); $t .= $sl.$del.$3; } undef(); } # makey - construct Perl y/// from sed y/// # sub makey($$$){ my( $fr, $to, $fl ) = @_; my $error = 0; # Ensure that any '-' is up front. # Diagnose duplicate contradicting mappings my %tr; for( my $i = 0; $i < length($fr); $i++ ){ my $fc = substr($fr,$i,1); my $tc = substr($to,$i,1); if( exists( $tr{$fc} ) && $tr{$fc} ne $tc ){ Warn( "ambiguous translation for character '$fc' in 'y' command", $fl ); $error++; } $tr{$fc} = $tc; } $fr = $to = ''; if( exists( $tr{'-'} ) ){ ( $fr, $to ) = ( '-', $tr{'-'} ); delete( $tr{'-'} ); } else { $fr = $to = ''; } # might just as well sort it... for my $fc ( sort keys( %tr ) ){ $fr .= $fc; $to .= $tr{$fc}; } # make embedded delimiters and newlines safe $fr =~ s/([{}])/\$1/g; $to =~ s/([{}])/\$1/g; $fr =~ s/\n/\\n/g; $to =~ s/\n/\\n/g; return $error ? undef() : "{ y{$fr}{$to}; }"; } ###### # makes - construct Perl s/// from sed s/// # sub makes($$$$$$$){ my( $regex, $subst, $path, $global, $print, $nmatch, $fl ) = @_; # make embedded newlines safe $regex =~ s/\n/\\n/g; $subst =~ s/\n/\\n/g; my $code; # n-th occurrence # if( length( $nmatch ) ){ $code = <<TheEnd; { \$n = $nmatch; while( --\$n && ( \$s = m ${regex}g ) ){} \$s = ( substr( \$_, pos() ) =~ s ${regex}${subst}s ) if \$s; \$CondReg ||= \$s; TheEnd } else { $code = <<TheEnd; { \$s = s ${regex}${subst}s${global}; \$CondReg ||= \$s; TheEnd } if( $print ){ $code .= ' print $_, "\n" if $s;'."\n"; } if( defined( $path ) ){ $wFiles{$path} = ''; $code .= " _w( '$path' ) if \$s;\n"; $GenKey{'w'} = 1; } $code .= "}"; } =head1 BASIC REGULAR EXPRESSIONS A I<Basic Regular Expression> (BRE), as defined in POSIX 1003.2, consists of I<atoms>, for matching parts of a string, and I<bounds>, specifying repetitions of a preceding atom. =head2 Atoms The possible atoms of a BRE are: B<.>, matching any single character; B<^> and B<$>, matching the null string at the beginning or end of a string, respectively; a I<bracket expressions>, enclosed in B<[> and B<]> (see below); and any single character with no other significance (matching that character). A B<\> before one of: B<.>, B<^>, B<$>, B<[>, B<*>, B<\>, matching the character after the backslash. A sequence of atoms enclosed in B<\(> and B<\)> becomes an atom and establishes the target for a I<backreference>, consisting of the substring that actually matches the enclosed atoms. Finally, B<\> followed by one of the digits B<0> through B<9> is a backreference. A B<^> that is not first, or a B<$> that is not last does not have a special significance and need not be preceded by a backslash to become literal. The same is true for a B<]>, that does not terminate a bracket expression. An unescaped backslash cannot be last in a BRE. =head2 Bounds The BRE bounds are: B<*>, specifying 0 or more matches of the preceding atom; B<\{>I<count>B<\}>, specifying that many repetitions; B<\{>I<minimum>B<,\}>, giving a lower limit; and B<\{>I<minimum>B<,>I<maximum>B<\}> finally defines a lower and upper bound. A bound appearing as the first item in a BRE is taken literally. =head2 Bracket Expressions A I<bracket expression> is a list of characters, character ranges and character classes enclosed in B<[> and B<]> and matches any single character from the represented set of characters. A character range is written as two characters separated by B<-> and represents all characters (according to the character collating sequence) that are not less than the first and not greater than the second. (Ranges are very collating-sequence-dependent, and portable programs should avoid relying on them.) A character class is one of the class names alnum digit punct alpha graph space blank lower upper cntrl print xdigit enclosed in B<[:> and B<:]> and represents the set of characters as defined in ctype(3). If the first character after B<[> is B<^>, the sense of matching is inverted. To include a literal 'C<^>', place it anywhere else but first. To include a literal 'C<]>' place it first or immediately after an initial B<^>. To include a literal 'C<->' make it the first (or second after B<^>) or last character, or the second endpoint of a range. The special bracket expression constructs C<[[:E<lt>:]]> and C<[[:E<gt>:]]> match the null string at the beginning and end of a word respectively. (Note that neither is identical to Perl's '\b' atom.) =head2 Additional Atoms Since some sed implementations provide additional regular expression atoms (not defined in POSIX 1003.2), B<psed> is capable of translating the following backslash escapes: =over 4 =item B<\E<lt>> This is the same as C<[[:E<gt>:]]>. =item B<\E<gt>> This is the same as C<[[:E<lt>:]]>. =item B<\w> This is an abbreviation for C<[[:alnum:]_]>. =item B<\W> This is an abbreviation for C<[^[:alnum:]_]>. =item B<\y> Match the empty string at a word boundary. =item B<\B> Match the empty string between any two either word or non-word characters. =back To enable this feature, the environment variable PSEDEXTBRE must be set to a string containing the requested characters, e.g.: C<PSEDEXTBRE='E<lt>E<gt>wW'>. =cut ##### # bre2p - convert BRE to Perl RE # sub peek(\$$){ my( $pref, $ic ) = @_; $ic < length($$pref)-1 ? substr( $$pref, $ic+1, 1 ) : ''; } sub bre2p($$$){ my( $del, $pat, $fl ) = @_; my $led = $del; $led =~ tr/{([</})]>/; $led = '' if $led eq $del; $pat = substr( $pat, 1, length($pat) - 2 ); my $res = ''; my $bracklev = 0; my $backref = 0; my $parlev = 0; for( my $ic = 0; $ic < length( $pat ); $ic++ ){ my $c = substr( $pat, $ic, 1 ); if( $c eq '\\' ){ ### backslash escapes my $nc = peek($pat,$ic); if( $nc eq '' ){ Warn( "'\\' cannot be last in pattern", $fl ); return undef(); } $ic++; if( $nc eq $del ){ ## \<pattern del> => \<pattern del> $res .= "\\$del"; } elsif( $nc =~ /([[.*\\n])/ ){ ## check for \-escaped magics and \n: ## \[ \. \* \\ \n stay as they are $res .= '\\'.$nc; } elsif( $nc eq '(' ){ ## \( => ( $parlev++; $res .= '('; } elsif( $nc eq ')' ){ ## \) => ) $parlev--; $backref++; if( $parlev < 0 ){ Warn( "unmatched '\\)'", $fl ); return undef(); } $res .= ')'; } elsif( $nc eq '{' ){ ## repetition factor \{<i>[,[<j>]]\} my $endpos = index( $pat, '\\}', $ic ); if( $endpos < 0 ){ Warn( "unmatched '\\{'", $fl ); return undef(); } my $rep = substr( $pat, $ic+1, $endpos-($ic+1) ); $ic = $endpos + 1; if( $res =~ /^\^?$/ ){ $res .= "\\{$rep\}"; } elsif( $rep =~ /^(\d+)(,?)(\d*)?$/ ){ my $min = $1; my $com = $2 || ''; my $max = $3; if( length( $max ) ){ if( $max < $min ){ Warn( "maximum less than minimum in '\\{$rep\\}'", $fl ); return undef(); } } else { $max = ''; } # simplify some if( $min == 0 && $max eq '1' ){ $res .= '?'; } elsif( $min == 1 && "$com$max" eq ',' ){ $res .= '+'; } elsif( $min == 0 && "$com$max" eq ',' ){ $res .= '*'; } else { $res .= "{$min$com$max}"; } } else { Warn( "invalid repeat clause '\\{$rep\\}'", $fl ); return undef(); } } elsif( $nc =~ /^[1-9]$/ ){ ## \1 .. \9 => \1 .. \9, but check for a following digit if( $nc > $backref ){ Warn( "invalid backreference ($nc)", $fl ); return undef(); } $res .= "\\$nc"; if( peek($pat,$ic) =~ /[0-9]/ ){ $res .= '(?:)'; } } elsif( $useEXTBRE && ( $nc =~ /[$useEXTBRE]/ ) ){ ## extensions - at most <>wWyB - not in POSIX if( $nc eq '<' ){ ## \< => \b(?=\w), be precise $res .= '\\b(?<=\\W)'; } elsif( $nc eq '>' ){ ## \> => \b(?=\W), be precise $res .= '\\b(?=\\W)'; } elsif( $nc eq 'y' ){ ## \y => \b $res .= '\\b'; } else { ## \B, \w, \W remain the same $res .= "\\$nc"; } } elsif( $nc eq $led ){ ## \<closing bracketing-delimiter> - keep '\' $res .= "\\$nc"; } else { ## \ <char> => <char> ("as if '\' were not present") $res .= $nc; } } elsif( $c eq '.' ){ ## . => . $res .= $c; } elsif( $c eq '*' ){ ## * => * but \* if there's nothing preceding it if( $res =~ /^\^?$/ ){ $res .= '\\*'; } elsif( substr( $res, -1, 1 ) ne '*' ){ $res .= $c; } } elsif( $c eq '[' ){ ## parse []: [^...] [^]...] [-...] my $add = '['; if( peek($pat,$ic) eq '^' ){ $ic++; $add .= '^'; } my $nc = peek($pat,$ic); if( $nc eq ']' || $nc eq '-' ){ $add .= $nc; $ic++; } # check that [ is not trailing if( $ic >= length( $pat ) - 1 ){ Warn( "unmatched '['", $fl ); return undef(); } # look for [:...:] and x-y my $rstr = substr( $pat, $ic+1 ); if( $rstr =~ /^((?:\[:\(\w+|[><]\):\]|[^]-](?:-[^]])?)*)/ ){ my $cnt = $1; $ic += length( $cnt ); $cnt =~ s/([\\\$])/\\$1/g; # '\', '$' are magic in Perl [] # try some simplifications my $red = $cnt; if( $red =~ s/0-9// ){ $cnt = $red.'\d'; if( $red =~ s/A-Z// && $red =~ s/a-z// && $red =~ s/_// ){ $cnt = $red.'\w'; } } $add .= $cnt; # POSIX 1003.2 has this (optional) for begin/end word $add = '\\b(?=\\W)' if $add eq '[[:<:]]'; $add = '\\b(?<=\\W)' if $add eq '[[:>:]]'; } ## may have a trailing '-' before ']' if( $ic < length($pat) - 1 && substr( $pat, $ic+1 ) =~ /^(-?])/ ){ $ic += length( $1 ); $add .= $1; # another simplification $add =~ s/^\[(\^?)(\\[dw])]$/ $1 eq '^' ? uc($2) : $2 /e; $res .= $add; } else { Warn( "unmatched '['", $fl ); return undef(); } } elsif( $c eq $led ){ ## unescaped <closing bracketing-delimiter> $res .= "\\$c"; } elsif( $c eq ']' ){ ## unmatched ] is not magic $res .= ']'; } elsif( $c =~ /[|+?{}()]/ ){ ## not magic in BRE, but in Perl: \-quote $res .= "\\$c"; } elsif( $c eq '^' ){ ## not magic unless 1st, but in Perl: \-quote $res .= length( $res ) ? '\\^' : '^'; } elsif( $c eq '$' ){ ## not magic unless last, but in Perl: \-quote $res .= $ic == length( $pat ) - 1 ? '$' : '\\$'; } else { $res .= $c; } } if( $parlev ){ Warn( "unmatched '\\('", $fl ); return undef(); } # final cleanup: eliminate raw HTs $res =~ s/\t/\\t/g; return $del . $res . ( $led ? $led : $del ); } ##### # sub2p - convert sed substitution to Perl substitution # sub sub2p($$$){ my( $del, $subst, $fl ) = @_; my $led = $del; $led =~ tr/{([</})]>/; $led = '' if $led eq $del; $subst = substr( $subst, 1, length($subst) - 2 ); my $res = ''; for( my $ic = 0; $ic < length( $subst ); $ic++ ){ my $c = substr( $subst, $ic, 1 ); if( $c eq '\\' ){ ### backslash escapes my $nc = peek($subst,$ic); if( $nc eq '' ){ Warn( "'\\' cannot be last in substitution", $fl ); return undef(); } $ic++; if( $nc =~ /[\\$del$led]/ ){ ## \ and delimiter $res .= '\\' . $nc; } elsif( $nc =~ /[1-9]/ ){ ## \1 - \9 => ${1} - ${9} $res .= '${' . $nc . '}'; } else { ## everything else (includes &): omit \ $res .= $nc; } } elsif( $c eq '&' ){ ## & => $& $res .= '$&'; } elsif( $c =~ /[\$\@$led]/ ){ ## magic in Perl's substitution string $res .= '\\' . $c; } else { $res .= $c; } } # final cleanup: eliminate raw HTs $res =~ s/\t/\\t/g; return ( $led ? $del : $led ) . $res . ( $led ? $led : $del ); } sub Parse(){ my $error = 0; my( $pdef, $pfil, $plin ); for( my $icom = 0; $icom < @Commands; $icom++ ){ my $cmd = $Commands[$icom]; print "Parse:$cmd:\n" if $useDEBUG; $cmd =~ s/^\s+//; next unless length( $cmd ); my $scom = $icom; if( exists( $Defined{$icom} ) ){ $pdef = $Defined{$icom}; if( $pdef =~ /^ #(\d+)/ ){ $pfil = 'expression #'; $plin = $1; } else { $pfil = "$pdef l."; $plin = 1; } } else { $plin++; } my $fl = "$pfil$plin"; # insert command as comment in gnerated code # $Code .= "# $cmd\n" if $doGenerate; # The Address(es) # my( $negated, $naddr, $addr1, $addr2 ); $naddr = 0; if( $cmd =~ s/^(\d+)\s*// ){ $addr1 = "$1"; $naddr++; } elsif( $cmd =~ s/^\$\s*// ){ $addr1 = 'eofARGV()'; $naddr++; } elsif( $cmd =~ s{^(/)}{} || $cmd =~ s{^\\(.)}{} ){ my $del = $1; my $regex = stripRegex( $del, \$cmd ); if( defined( $regex ) ){ $addr1 = 'm '.bre2p( $del, $regex, $fl ).'s'; $naddr++; } else { Warn( "malformed regex, 1st address", $fl ); $error++; next; } } if( defined( $addr1 ) && $cmd =~ s/,\s*// ){ if( $cmd =~ s/^(\d+)\s*// ){ $addr2 = "$1"; $naddr++; } elsif( $cmd =~ s/^\$\s*// ){ $addr2 = 'eofARGV()'; $naddr++; } elsif( $cmd =~ s{^(/)}{} || $cmd =~ s{^\\(.)}{} ){ my $del = $1; my $regex = stripRegex( $del, \$cmd ); if( defined( $regex ) ){ $addr2 = 'm '. bre2p( $del, $regex, $fl ).'s'; $naddr++; } else { Warn( "malformed regex, 2nd address", $fl ); $error++; next; } } else { Warn( "invalid address after ','", $fl ); $error++; next; } } # address modifier '!' # $negated = $cmd =~ s/^!\s*//; if( defined( $addr1 ) ){ print "Parse: addr1=$addr1" if $useDEBUG; if( defined( $addr2 ) ){ print ", addr2=$addr2 " if $useDEBUG; # both numeric and addr1 > addr2 => eliminate addr2 undef( $addr2 ) if $addr1 =~ /^\d+$/ && $addr2 =~ /^\d+$/ && $addr1 > $addr2; } } print 'negated' if $useDEBUG && $negated; print " command:$cmd\n" if $useDEBUG; # The Command # if( $cmd !~ s/^([:#={}abcdDgGhHilnNpPqrstwxy])\s*// ){ my $h = substr( $cmd, 0, 1 ); Warn( "unknown command '$h'", $fl ); $error++; next; } my $key = $1; my $tabref = $ComTab{$key}; $GenKey{$key} = 1; if( $naddr > $tabref->[0] ){ Warn( "excess address(es)", $fl ); $error++; next; } my $arg = ''; if( $tabref->[1] eq 'str' ){ # take remainder - don't care if it is empty $arg = $cmd; $cmd = ''; } elsif( $tabref->[1] eq 'txt' ){ # multi-line text my $goon = $cmd =~ /(.*)\\$/; if( length( $1 ) ){ Warn( "extra characters after command ($cmd)", $fl ); $error++; } while( $goon ){ $icom++; if( $icom > $#Commands ){ Warn( "unexpected end of script", $fl ); $error++; last; } $cmd = $Commands[$icom]; $Code .= "# $cmd\n" if $doGenerate; $goon = $cmd =~ s/\\$//; $cmd =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g; $arg .= "\n" if length( $arg ); $arg .= $cmd; } $arg .= "\n" if length( $arg ); $cmd = ''; } elsif( $tabref->[1] eq 'sub' ){ # s/// if( ! length( $cmd ) ){ Warn( "'s' command requires argument", $fl ); $error++; next; } if( $cmd =~ s{^([^\\\n])}{} ){ my $del = $1; my $regex = stripRegex( $del, \$cmd, "s" ); if( ! defined( $regex ) ){ Warn( "malformed regular expression", $fl ); $error++; next; } $regex = bre2p( $del, $regex, $fl ); # a trailing \ indicates embedded NL (in replacement string) while( $cmd =~ s/(?<!\\)\\$/\n/ ){ $icom++; if( $icom > $#Commands ){ Warn( "unexpected end of script", $fl ); $error++; last; } $cmd .= $Commands[$icom]; $Code .= "# $Commands[$icom]\n" if $doGenerate; } my $subst = stripRegex( $del, \$cmd ); if( ! defined( $regex ) ){ Warn( "malformed substitution expression", $fl ); $error++; next; } $subst = sub2p( $del, $subst, $fl ); # parse s/// modifier: g|p|0-9|w <file> my( $global, $nmatch, $print, $write ) = ( '', '', 0, undef ); while( $cmd =~ s/^([gp0-9])// ){ $1 eq 'g' ? ( $global = 'g' ) : $1 eq 'p' ? ( $print = $1 ) : ( $nmatch .= $1 ); } $write = $1 if $cmd =~ s/w\s*(.*)$//; ### $nmatch =~ s/^(\d)\1*$/$1/; ### may be dangerous? if( $global && length( $nmatch ) || length( $nmatch ) > 1 ){ Warn( "conflicting flags '$global$nmatch'", $fl ); $error++; next; } $arg = makes( $regex, $subst, $write, $global, $print, $nmatch, $fl ); if( ! defined( $arg ) ){ $error++; next; } } else { Warn( "improper delimiter in s command", $fl ); $error++; next; } } elsif( $tabref->[1] eq 'tra' ){ # y/// # a trailing \ indicates embedded newline while( $cmd =~ s/(?<!\\)\\$/\n/ ){ $icom++; if( $icom > $#Commands ){ Warn( "unexpected end of script", $fl ); $error++; last; } $cmd .= $Commands[$icom]; $Code .= "# $Commands[$icom]\n" if $doGenerate; } if( ! length( $cmd ) ){ Warn( "'y' command requires argument", $fl ); $error++; next; } my $d = substr( $cmd, 0, 1 ); $cmd = substr( $cmd, 1 ); if( $d eq '\\' ){ Warn( "'\\' not valid as delimiter in 'y' command", $fl ); $error++; next; } my $fr = stripTrans( $d, \$cmd ); if( ! defined( $fr ) || ! length( $cmd ) ){ Warn( "malformed 'y' command argument", $fl ); $error++; next; } my $to = stripTrans( $d, \$cmd ); if( ! defined( $to ) ){ Warn( "malformed 'y' command argument", $fl ); $error++; next; } if( length($fr) != length($to) ){ Warn( "string lengths in 'y' command differ", $fl ); $error++; next; } if( ! defined( $arg = makey( $fr, $to, $fl ) ) ){ $error++; next; } } # $cmd must be now empty - exception is { if( $cmd !~ /^\s*$/ ){ if( $key eq '{' ){ # dirty hack to process command on '{' line $Commands[$icom--] = $cmd; } else { Warn( "extra characters after command ($cmd)", $fl ); $error++; next; } } # Make Code # if( &{$tabref->[2]}( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $tabref->[3], $arg, $fl ) ){ $error++; } } while( @BlockStack ){ my $bl = pop( @BlockStack ); Warn( "start of unterminated '{'", $bl ); $error++; } for my $lab ( keys( %Label ) ){ if( ! exists( $Label{$lab}{defined} ) ){ for my $used ( @{$Label{$lab}{used}} ){ Warn( "undefined label '$lab'", $used ); $error++; } } } exit( 1 ) if $error; } ############## #### MAIN #### ############## sub usage(){ print STDERR "Usage: sed [-an] command [file...]\n"; print STDERR " [-an] [-e command] [-f script-file] [file...]\n"; } ################### # Here we go again... # my $expr = 0; while( @ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~ /^-(.)(.*)$/ ){ my $opt = $1; my $arg = $2; shift( @ARGV ); if( $opt eq 'e' ){ if( length( $arg ) ){ push( @Commands, split( "\n", $arg ) ); } elsif( @ARGV ){ push( @Commands, shift( @ARGV ) ); } else { Warn( "option -e requires an argument" ); usage(); exit( 1 ); } $expr++; $Defined{$#Commands} = " #$expr"; next; } if( $opt eq 'f' ){ my $path; if( length( $arg ) ){ $path = $arg; } elsif( @ARGV ){ $path = shift( @ARGV ); } else { Warn( "option -f requires an argument" ); usage(); exit( 1 ); } my $fst = $#Commands + 1; open( SCRIPT, "<$path" ) || die( "$0: $path: could not open ($!)\n" ); my $cmd; while( defined( $cmd = <SCRIPT> ) ){ chomp( $cmd ); push( @Commands, $cmd ); } close( SCRIPT ); if( $#Commands >= $fst ){ $Defined{$fst} = "$path"; } next; } if( $opt eq '-' && $arg eq '' ){ last; } if( $opt eq 'h' || $opt eq '?' ){ usage(); exit( 0 ); } if( $opt eq 'n' ){ $doAutoPrint = 0; } elsif( $opt eq 'a' ){ $doOpenWrite = 0; } else { Warn( "illegal option '$opt'" ); usage(); exit( 1 ); } if( length( $arg ) ){ unshift( @ARGV, "-$arg" ); } } # A singleton command may be the 1st argument when there are no options. # if( @Commands == 0 ){ if( @ARGV == 0 ){ Warn( "no script command given" ); usage(); exit( 1 ); } push( @Commands, split( "\n", shift( @ARGV ) ) ); $Defined{0} = ' #1'; } print STDERR "Files: @ARGV\n" if $useDEBUG; # generate leading code # $Func = <<'[TheEnd]'; # openARGV: open 1st input file # sub openARGV(){ unshift( @ARGV, '-' ) unless @ARGV; my $file = shift( @ARGV ); open( ARG, "<$file" ) || die( "$0: can't open $file for reading ($!)\n" ); $isEOF = 0; } # getsARGV: Read another input line into argument (default: $_). # Move on to next input file, and reset EOF flag $isEOF. sub getsARGV(;\$){ my $argref = @_ ? shift() : \$_; while( $isEOF || ! defined( $$argref = <ARG> ) ){ close( ARG ); return 0 unless @ARGV; my $file = shift( @ARGV ); open( ARG, "<$file" ) || die( "$0: can't open $file for reading ($!)\n" ); $isEOF = 0; } 1; } # eofARGV: end-of-file test # sub eofARGV(){ return @ARGV == 0 && ( $isEOF = eof( ARG ) ); } # makeHandle: Generates another file handle for some file (given by its path) # to be written due to a w command or an s command's w flag. sub makeHandle($){ my( $path ) = @_; my $handle; if( ! exists( $wFiles{$path} ) || $wFiles{$path} eq '' ){ $handle = $wFiles{$path} = gensym(); if( $doOpenWrite ){ if( ! open( $handle, ">$path" ) ){ die( "$0: can't open $path for writing: ($!)\n" ); } } } else { $handle = $wFiles{$path}; } return $handle; } # printQ: Print queued output which is either a string or a reference # to a pathname. sub printQ(){ for my $q ( @Q ){ if( ref( $q ) ){ # flush open w files so that reading this file gets it all if( exists( $wFiles{$$q} ) && $wFiles{$$q} ne '' ){ open( $wFiles{$$q}, ">>$$q" ); } # copy file to stdout: slow, but safe if( open( RF, "<$$q" ) ){ while( defined( my $line = <RF> ) ){ print $line; } close( RF ); } } else { print $q; } } undef( @Q ); } [TheEnd] # generate the sed loop # $Code .= <<'[TheEnd]'; sub openARGV(); sub getsARGV(;\$); sub eofARGV(); sub printQ(); # Run: the sed loop reading input and applying the script # sub Run(){ my( $h, $icnt, $s, $n ); # hack (not unbreakable :-/) to avoid // matching an empty string my $z = "\000"; $z =~ /$z/; # Initialize. openARGV(); $Hold = ''; $CondReg = 0; $doPrint = $doAutoPrint; CYCLE: while( getsARGV() ){ chomp(); $CondReg = 0; # cleared on t BOS:; [TheEnd] # parse - avoid opening files when doing s2p # ( $svOpenWrite, $doOpenWrite ) = ( $doOpenWrite, $svOpenWrite ) if $doGenerate; Parse(); ( $svOpenWrite, $doOpenWrite ) = ( $doOpenWrite, $svOpenWrite ) if $doGenerate; # append trailing code # $Code .= <<'[TheEnd]'; EOS: if( $doPrint ){ print $_, "\n"; } else { $doPrint = $doAutoPrint; } printQ() if @Q; } exit( 0 ); } [TheEnd] # append optional functions, prepend prototypes # my $Proto = "# prototypes\n"; if( $GenKey{'l'} ){ $Proto .= "sub _l();\n"; $Func .= <<'[TheEnd]'; # _l: l command processing # sub _l(){ my $h = $_; my $mcpl = 70; # transform non printing chars into escape notation $h =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; if( $h =~ /[^[:print:]]/ ){ $h =~ s/\a/\\a/g; $h =~ s/\f/\\f/g; $h =~ s/\n/\\n/g; $h =~ s/\t/\\t/g; $h =~ s/\r/\\r/g; $h =~ s/\e/\\e/g; $h =~ s/([^[:print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge; } # split into lines of length $mcpl while( length( $h ) > $mcpl ){ my $l = substr( $h, 0, $mcpl-1 ); $h = substr( $h, $mcpl ); # remove incomplete \-escape from end of line if( $l =~ s/(?<!\\)(\\[0-7]{0,2})$// ){ $h = $1 . $h; } print $l, "\\\n"; } print "$h\$\n"; } [TheEnd] } if( $GenKey{'r'} ){ $Proto .= "sub _r(\$);\n"; $Func .= <<'[TheEnd]'; # _r: r command processing: Save a reference to the pathname. # sub _r($){ my $path = shift(); push( @Q, \$path ); } [TheEnd] } if( $GenKey{'t'} ){ $Proto .= "sub _t();\n"; $Func .= <<'[TheEnd]'; # _t: t command - condition register test/reset # sub _t(){ my $res = $CondReg; $CondReg = 0; $res; } [TheEnd] } if( $GenKey{'w'} ){ $Proto .= "sub _w(\$);\n"; $Func .= <<'[TheEnd]'; # _w: w command and s command's w flag - write to file # sub _w($){ my $path = shift(); my $handle = $wFiles{$path}; if( ! $doOpenWrite && ! defined( fileno( $handle ) ) ){ open( $handle, ">$path" ) || die( "$0: $path: cannot open ($!)\n" ); } print $handle $_, "\n"; } [TheEnd] } $Code = $Proto . $Code; # magic "#n" - same as -n option # $doAutoPrint = 0 if substr( $Commands[0], 0, 2 ) eq '#n'; # eval code - check for errors # print "Code:\n$Code$Func" if $useDEBUG; eval $Code . $Func; if( $@ ){ print "Code:\n$Code$Func"; die( "$0: internal error - generated incorrect Perl code: $@\n" ); } if( $doGenerate ){ # write full Perl program # # bang line, declarations, prototypes print <<TheEnd; #!$perlpath -w eval 'exec $perlpath -S \$0 \${1+"\$@"}' if 0; \$0 =~ s/^.*?(\\w+)\[\\.\\w+\]*\$/\$1/; use strict; use Symbol; use vars qw{ \$isEOF \$Hold \%wFiles \@Q \$CondReg \$doAutoPrint \$doOpenWrite \$doPrint }; \$doAutoPrint = $doAutoPrint; \$doOpenWrite = $doOpenWrite; TheEnd my $wf = "'" . join( "', '", keys( %wFiles ) ) . "'"; if( $wf ne "''" ){ print <<TheEnd; sub makeHandle(\$); for my \$p ( $wf ){ exit( 1 ) unless makeHandle( \$p ); } TheEnd } print $Code; print "Run();\n"; print $Func; exit( 0 ); } else { # execute: make handles (and optionally open) all w files; run! for my $p ( keys( %wFiles ) ){ exit( 1 ) unless makeHandle( $p ); } Run(); } =head1 ENVIRONMENT The environment variable C<PSEDEXTBRE> may be set to extend BREs. See L<"Additional Atoms">. =head1 DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item ambiguous translation for character '%s' in 'y' command The indicated character appears twice, with different translations. =item '[' cannot be last in pattern A '[' in a BRE indicates the beginning of a I<bracket expression>. =item '\' cannot be last in pattern A '\' in a BRE is used to make the subsequent character literal. =item '\' cannot be last in substitution A '\' in a substitution string is used to make the subsequent character literal. =item conflicting flags '%s' In an B<s> command, either the 'g' flag and an n-th occurrence flag, or multiple n-th occurrence flags are specified. Note that only the digits ^'1' through '9' are permitted. =item duplicate label %s (first defined at %s) =item excess address(es) The command has more than the permitted number of addresses. =item extra characters after command (%s) =item illegal option '%s' =item improper delimiter in s command The BRE and substitution may not be delimited with '\' or newline. =item invalid address after ',' =item invalid backreference (%s) The specified backreference number exceeds the number of backreferences in the BRE. =item invalid repeat clause '\{%s\}' The repeat clause does not contain a valid integer value, or pair of values. =item malformed regex, 1st address =item malformed regex, 2nd address =item malformed regular expression =item malformed substitution expression =item malformed 'y' command argument The first or second string of a B<y> command is syntactically incorrect. =item maximum less than minimum in '\{%s\}' =item no script command given There must be at least one B<-e> or one B<-f> option specifying a script or script file. =item '\' not valid as delimiter in 'y' command =item option -e requires an argument =item option -f requires an argument =item 's' command requires argument =item start of unterminated '{' =item string lengths in 'y' command differ The translation table strings in a B<y> command must have equal lengths. =item undefined label '%s' =item unexpected '}' A B<}> command without a preceding B<{> command was encountered. =item unexpected end of script The end of the script was reached although a text line after a B<a>, B<c> or B<i> command indicated another line. =item unknown command '%s' =item unterminated '[' A BRE contains an unterminated bracket expression. =item unterminated '\(' A BRE contains an unterminated backreference. =item '\{' without closing '\}' A BRE contains an unterminated bounds specification. =item '\)' without preceding '\(' =item 'y' command requires argument =back =head1 EXAMPLE The basic material for the preceding section was generated by running the sed script #no autoprint s/^.*Warn( *"\([^"]*\)".*$/\1/ t process b :process s/$!/%s/g s/$[_[:alnum:]]\{1,\}/%s/g s/\\\\/\\/g s/^/=item / p on the program's own text, and piping the output into C<sort -u>. =head1 SED SCRIPT TRANSLATION If this program is invoked with the name F<s2p> it will act as a sed-to-Perl translator. After option processing (all other arguments are ignored), a Perl program is printed on standard output, which will process the input stream (as read from all arguments) in the way defined by the sed script and the option setting used for the translation. =head1 SEE ALSO perl(1), re_format(7) =head1 BUGS The B<l> command will show escape characters (ESC) as 'C<\e>', but a vertical tab (VT) in octal. Trailing spaces are truncated from labels in B<:>, B<t> and B<b> commands. The meaning of an empty regular expression ('C<//>'), as defined by B<sed>, is "the last pattern used, at run time". This deviates from the Perl interpretation, which will re-use the "last last successfully executed regular expression". Since keeping track of pattern usage would create terribly cluttered code, and differences would only appear in obscure context (where other B<sed> implementations appear to deviate, too), the Perl semantics was adopted. Note that common usage of this feature, such as in C</abc/s//xyz/>, will work as expected. Collating elements (of bracket expressions in BREs) are not implemented. =head1 STANDARDS This B<sed> implementation conforms to the IEEE Std1003.2-1992 ("POSIX.2") definition of B<sed>, and is compatible with the I<OpenBSD> implementation, except where otherwise noted (see L<"BUGS">). =head1 AUTHOR This Perl implementation of I<sed> was written by Wolfgang Laun, I<Wolfgang.Laun@alcatel.at>. =head1 COPYRIGHT and LICENSE This program is free and open software. You may use, modify, distribute, and sell this program (and any modified variants) in any way you wish, provided you do not restrict others from doing the same. =cut
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