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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>10.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="10. File and Directory Access" href="filesys.html" /> <link rel="next" title="10.9. linecache — Random access to text lines" href="linecache.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="10.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion" href="glob.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="linecache.html" title="10.9. linecache — Random access to text lines" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="glob.html" title="10.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="filesys.html" accesskey="U">10. File and Directory Access</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-fnmatch"> <span id="fnmatch-unix-filename-pattern-matching"></span><h1>10.8. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-fnmatch" title="fnmatch: Unix shell style filename pattern matching."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></tt></a> — Unix filename pattern matching<a class="headerlink" href="#module-fnmatch" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><p id="index-1"><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/fnmatch.py">Lib/fnmatch.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are <em>not</em> the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#module-re" title="re: Regular expression operations."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">re</span></tt></a> module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> <col width="75%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Pattern</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt></td> <td>matches everything</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">?</span></tt></td> <td>matches any single character</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[seq]</span></tt></td> <td>matches any character in <em>seq</em></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[!seq]</span></tt></td> <td>matches any character not in <em>seq</em></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'[?]'</span></tt> matches the character <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'?'</span></tt>.</p> <p id="index-2">Note that the filename separator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'/'</span></tt> on Unix) is <em>not</em> special to this module. See module <a class="reference internal" href="glob.html#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a> for pathname expansion (<a class="reference internal" href="glob.html#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a> uses <a class="reference internal" href="#module-fnmatch" title="fnmatch: Unix shell style filename pattern matching."><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatch()</span></tt></a> to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">?</span></tt> patterns.</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="fnmatch.fnmatch"> <tt class="descclassname">fnmatch.</tt><tt class="descname">fnmatch</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>pattern</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.fnmatch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Test whether the <em>filename</em> string matches the <em>pattern</em> string, returning <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt></a>. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is performed. <a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.fnmatchcase" title="fnmatch.fnmatchcase"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatchcase()</span></tt></a> can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.</p> <p>This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.txt</span></tt>:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">fnmatch</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'.'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">print</span> <span class="nb">file</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="fnmatch.fnmatchcase"> <tt class="descclassname">fnmatch.</tt><tt class="descname">fnmatchcase</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>pattern</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.fnmatchcase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Test whether <em>filename</em> matches <em>pattern</em>, returning <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt></a>; the comparison is case-sensitive.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="fnmatch.filter"> <tt class="descclassname">fnmatch.</tt><tt class="descname">filter</tt><big>(</big><em>names</em>, <em>pattern</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.filter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the subset of the list of <em>names</em> that match <em>pattern</em>. It is the same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[n</span> <span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">n</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">names</span> <span class="pre">if</span> <span class="pre">fnmatch(n,</span> <span class="pre">pattern)]</span></tt>, but implemented more efficiently.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="fnmatch.translate"> <tt class="descclassname">fnmatch.</tt><tt class="descname">translate</tt><big>(</big><em>pattern</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.translate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the shell-style <em>pattern</em> converted to a regular expression.</p> <p>Example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">fnmatch</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">re</span> <span class="go">>>></span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">regex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">translate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">regex</span> <span class="go">'.*\\.txt$'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">reobj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regex</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">reobj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foobar.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go"><_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...></span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="glob.html#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>Unix shell-style path expansion.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="glob.html" title="previous chapter">10.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt> — Unix style pathname pattern expansion</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="linecache.html" title="next chapter">10.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">linecache</span></tt> — Random access to text lines</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/fnmatch.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="linecache.html" title="10.9. linecache — Random access to text lines" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="glob.html" title="10.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="filesys.html" >10. 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