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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>12.3. bz2 — Compression compatible with bzip2 — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="12. Data Compression and Archiving" href="archiving.html" /> <link rel="next" title="12.4. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives" href="zipfile.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="12.2. gzip — Support for gzip files" href="gzip.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="zipfile.html" title="12.4. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="gzip.html" title="12.2. gzip — Support for gzip files" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="archiving.html" accesskey="U">12. Data Compression and Archiving</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-bz2"> <span id="bz2-compression-compatible-with-bzip2"></span><h1>12.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with bzip2."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></tt></a> — Compression compatible with <strong class="program">bzip2</strong><a class="headerlink" href="#module-bz2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> <p>This module provides a comprehensive interface for the bz2 compression library. It implements a complete file interface, one-shot (de)compression functions, and types for sequential (de)compression.</p> <p>Here is a summary of the features offered by the bz2 module:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class implements a complete file interface, including <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readline" title="bz2.BZ2File.readline"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readlines" title="bz2.BZ2File.readlines"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readlines()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.writelines" title="bz2.BZ2File.writelines"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writelines()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="bz2.BZ2File.seek"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">seek()</span></tt></a>, etc;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class implements emulated <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="bz2.BZ2File.seek"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">seek()</span></tt></a> support;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class implements universal newline support;</li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class offers an optimized line iteration using the readahead algorithm borrowed from file objects;</li> <li>Sequential (de)compression supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a> classes;</li> <li>One-shot (de)compression supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> functions;</li> <li>Thread safety uses individual locking mechanism.</li> </ul> <div class="section" id="de-compression-of-files"> <h2>12.3.1. (De)compression of files<a class="headerlink" href="#de-compression-of-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Handling of compressed files is offered by the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class.</p> <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2File</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>buffering</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open a bz2 file. Mode can be either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt>, for reading (default) or writing. When opened for writing, the file will be created if it doesn’t exist, and truncated otherwise. If <em>buffering</em> is given, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> means unbuffered, and larger numbers specify the buffer size; the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>. If <em>compresslevel</em> is given, it must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>; the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>. Add a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'U'</span></tt> to mode to open the file for input in <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-universal-newlines"><em class="xref std std-term">universal newlines</em></a> mode. Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></tt> in Python. Also, a file so opened gains the attribute <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">newlines</span></tt>; the value for this attribute is one of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> (no newline read yet), <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\r'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\n'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></tt> or a tuple containing all the newline types seen. Universal newlines are available only when reading. Instances support iteration in the same way as normal <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#file" title="file"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt></a> instances.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> supports the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></tt></a> statement.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.7: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></tt></a> statement was added.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">This class does not support input files containing multiple streams (such as those produced by the <strong class="program">pbzip2</strong> tool). When reading such an input file, only the first stream will be accessible. If you require support for multi-stream files, consider using the third-party <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2file</span></tt> module (available from <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/bz2file">PyPI</a>). This module provides a backport of Python 3.3’s <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class, which does support multi-stream files.</p> </div> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.close"> <tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Close the file. Sets data attribute <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">closed</span></tt> to true. A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations. <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="bz2.BZ2File.close"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></tt></a> may be called more than once without error.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.read"> <tt class="descname">read</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read at most <em>size</em> uncompressed bytes, returned as a string. If the <em>size</em> argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.readline"> <tt class="descname">readline</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the next line from the file, as a string, retaining newline. A non-negative <em>size</em> argument limits the maximum number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then). Return an empty string at EOF.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.readlines"> <tt class="descname">readlines</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>size</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.readlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of lines read. The optional <em>size</em> argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the total number of bytes in the lines returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.xreadlines"> <tt class="descname">xreadlines</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.xreadlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>For backward compatibility. <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> objects now include the performance optimizations previously implemented in the <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">xreadlines</span></tt> module.</p> <p class="deprecated"> <span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.3: </span>This exists only for compatibility with the method by this name on <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#file" title="file"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt></a> objects, which is deprecated. Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">line</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">file</span></tt> instead.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.seek"> <tt class="descname">seek</tt><big>(</big><em>offset</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>whence</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Move to new file position. Argument <em>offset</em> is a byte count. Optional argument <em>whence</em> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_SET</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> (offset from start of file; offset should be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></tt>); other values are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_CUR</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> (move relative to current position; offset can be positive or negative), and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_END</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> (move relative to end of file; offset is usually negative, although many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file).</p> <p>Note that seeking of bz2 files is emulated, and depending on the parameters the operation may be extremely slow.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.tell"> <tt class="descname">tell</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current file position, an integer (may be a long integer).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.write"> <tt class="descname">write</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write string <em>data</em> to file. Note that due to buffering, <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.close" title="bz2.BZ2File.close"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></tt></a> may be needed before the file on disk reflects the data written.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2File.writelines"> <tt class="descname">writelines</tt><big>(</big><em>sequence_of_strings</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.writelines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write the sequence of strings to the file. Note that newlines are not added. The sequence can be any iterable object producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="sequential-de-compression"> <h2>12.3.2. Sequential (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#sequential-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Sequential compression and decompression is done using the classes <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a>.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2Compressor</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a new compressor object. This object may be used to compress data sequentially. If you want to compress data in one shot, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress()</span></tt></a> function instead. The <em>compresslevel</em> parameter, if given, must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>; the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress"> <tt class="descname">compress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Provide more data to the compressor object. It will return chunks of compressed data whenever possible. When you’ve finished providing data to compress, call the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">flush()</span></tt></a> method to finish the compression process, and return what is left in internal buffers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush"> <tt class="descname">flush</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Finish the compression process and return what is left in internal buffers. You must not use the compressor object after calling this method.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2Decompressor</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a new decompressor object. This object may be used to decompress data sequentially. If you want to decompress data in one shot, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> function instead.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress"> <tt class="descname">decompress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Provide more data to the decompressor object. It will return chunks of decompressed data whenever possible. If you try to decompress data after the end of stream is found, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError" title="exceptions.EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> will be raised. If any data was found after the end of stream, it’ll be ignored and saved in <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">unused_data</span></tt> attribute.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="one-shot-de-compression"> <h2>12.3.3. One-shot (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#one-shot-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>One-shot compression and decompression is provided through the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> functions.</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bz2.compress"> <tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">compress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>compresslevel</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compress <em>data</em> in one shot. If you want to compress data sequentially, use an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></tt></a> instead. The <em>compresslevel</em> parameter, if given, must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>; the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bz2.decompress"> <tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">decompress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Decompress <em>data</em> in one shot. If you want to decompress data sequentially, use an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a> instead.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">12.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></tt> — Compression compatible with <strong class="program">bzip2</strong></a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#de-compression-of-files">12.3.1. (De)compression of files</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#sequential-de-compression">12.3.2. Sequential (de)compression</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#one-shot-de-compression">12.3.3. One-shot (de)compression</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="gzip.html" title="previous chapter">12.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gzip</span></tt> — Support for <strong class="program">gzip</strong> files</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="zipfile.html" title="next chapter">12.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></tt> — Work with ZIP archives</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/bz2.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="zipfile.html" title="12.4. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="gzip.html" title="12.2. gzip — Support for gzip files" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="archiving.html" >12. 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